Analysis Techniques Research Articles

Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry of N-Linked Glycopeptides.

Glycosylation is a common modification across living organisms and plays a central role in understanding biological systems and disease. Our ability to probe the gylcome has grown exponentially in the past several decades. However, further improvements to the analytical toolbox available to researchers would allow for increased capabilities to probe structure and function of biological systems and to improve disease treatment. This article applies the developing technique of two-dimensional Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to a glycoproteomic workflow for the standard glycoproteins coral tree lectin (CTL) and bovine ribonuclease B (BRB) to demonstrate its feasibility as a tool for glycoproteomic workflows. 2D infrared multiphoton dissociation and electron capture dissociation spectra of CTL reveal comparable structural information to their 1D counterparts, confirming the site of glycosylation and monosaccharide composition of the glycan. Spectra collected in 2D of BRB reveal correlation lines of fragment ion scans and vertical precursor ion scans for data collected using infrared multiphoton dissociation and diagonal cleavage lines for data collected by electron capture dissociation. The use of similar techniques for glycoproteomic analysis may prove valuable in instances where chromatographic separation is undesirable or quadrupole isolation is insufficient.

Analysis of clinical Candida parapsilosis isolates reveals copy number variation in key fluconazole resistance genes.

We used whole-genome sequencing to analyze a collection of 35 fluconazole-resistant and 7 susceptible Candida parapsilosis isolates together with coverage analysis and GWAS techniques to identify new mechanisms of fluconazole resistance. Phylogenetic analysis shows that although the collection is diverse, two persistent clinical lineages were identified. We identified copy number variation (CNV) of two genes, ERG11 and CDR1B, in resistant isolates. Two strains have a CNV at the ERG11 locus; the entire ORF is amplified in one, and only the promoter region is amplified in the other. We show that the annotated telomeric gene CDR1B is actually an artifactual in silico fusion of two highly similar neighboring CDR genes due to an assembly error in the C. parapsilosis CDC317 reference genome. We report highly variable copy numbers of the CDR1B region across the collection. Several strains have increased the expansion of the two genes into a tandem array of new chimeric genes. Other strains have experienced a deletion between the two genes creating a single gene with a reciprocal chimerism. We find translocations, duplications, and gene conversion across the CDR gene family in the C. parapsilosis species complex, showing that it is a highly dynamic family.

Antibacterial efficacy ofRumex dentatusleaf extract-enriched zinc oxide and iron doped zinc nanoparticles: a comparative study.

In the current investigation, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles were sustainably synthesized utilizing an extract derived from theRumex dentatusplant through a green synthesis approach. The Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Ultra-violet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques were used to examine the compositional, morphological, optical, and thermal properties of both samples. The doping of iron into ZnO NPs has significantly influenced their properties. The analysis firmly established that both ZnO NPs and Fe-doped ZnO NPs have hexagonal wurtzite structures and spherical shapes by XRD and SEM. The EDX analysis suggests that iron atoms have been successfully integrated into the ZnO lattice. The change in color observed during the reaction indicated the formation of nanoparticles. The UV-vis peaks at 364 nm and 314 nm confirmed the presence of ZnO NPs and Fe-doped ZnO NPs, respectively. The band gap of ZnO NPs by Fe dopant displayed a narrowing effect. This indicates that adding iron ions to ZnO NPs offers a control band gap. The thermal study TGA revealed that Fe-doped ZnO NPs remain stable when heated up to 600 °C. The antibacterial efficacy of ZnO NPs and Fe-doped ZnO NPs was evaluated against several bacterial strains. The evaluation is based on the zone of inhibition (ZOI). Both samples exhibited excellent antibacterial properties as compared to conventional pharmaceutical agents. These results suggest that synthesizing nanoparticles through plant-based methods is a promising approach to creating versatile and environmentally friendly biomedical products.

Microextraction techniques for occupational biological monitoring: Basic principles, current applications and future perspectives.

The application of green microextraction techniques (METs) is constantly being developed in different areas including pharmaceutical, forensic, food and environmental analysis. However, they are less used in biological monitoring of workers in occupational settings. Developing valid extraction methods and analytical techniques for the determination of occupational indicators plays a critical role in the management of workers' exposure to chemicals in workplaces. Microextraction techniques have become increasingly important because they are inexpensive, robust and environmentally friendly. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review and interpret the applications of METs and novel sorbents and liquids in biological monitoring. Future perspectives and occupational indicators that METs have not yet been developed for are also discussed.

Isolation and characterization of bio-prospecting gut strains Bacillus safensis CGK192 and Bacillus australimaris CGK221 for plastic (HDPE) degradation.

The present work reports the application of novel gut strains Bacillus safensis CGK192 (Accession No. OM658336) and Bacillus australimaris CGK221 (Accession No. OM658338) in the biological degradation of synthetic polymer i.e., high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The biodegradation assay based on polymer weight loss was conducted under laboratory conditions for a period of 90days along with regular evaluation of bacterial biomass in terms of total protein content and viable cells (CFU/cm2). Notably, both strains achieved significant weight reduction for HDPE films without any physical or chemical pretreatment in comparison to control. Hydrophobicity and biosurfactant characterization were also done in order to assess strains ability to form bacterial biofilm over the polymer surface. The post-degradation characterization of HDPE was also performed to confirm degradation using analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electronic microscopy (FE-SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Interestingly strain CGK221 was found to be more efficient in forming biofilm over polymer surface as indicated by lower half-life (i.e., 0.00032day-1) and higher carbonyl index in comparison to strain CGK192. The findings reflect the ability of our strains to develop biofilm and introduce an oxygenic functional group into the polymer surface, thereby making it more susceptible to degradation.

Analysis of asset management difficulties observed in Brazilian firms: a study based on expert survey and fuzzy TOPSIS

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to understand the difficulties related to asset management observed by experts in Brazilian organizations in light of the requirements outlined in the ISO 55001:2014 standard.Design/methodology/approachA survey was performed with asset management experts. The collected data were analyzed using frequency analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to deal solution (TOPSIS).FindingsBased on data analysis, the most critical difficulties observed were related to managing and controlling the impact of changes in the company that affect asset management objectives; to the committing to and supporting the asset management system by the top management of the organization; to manage the processes for dealing with risks and opportunities for the asset management system and plans, and correcting failures in asset performance; and to plan and conduct actions in an integrated manner to identify and minimize adverse impacts associated with the asset management system, and afterwards verifying their effectiveness.Originality/valueThe findings of this study have important theoretical and practical contributions, since they indicate the most critical points observed in asset management in Brazil, which can be used as a source for future research and by professionals to prioritize difficulties in future planning and develop action plans to overcome them. The step-by-step methodological approach presented in this study provides professionals and researchers with a replicable method of identifying potential asset management difficulties in a given specific reality.

Kontribusi Keseimbangan dan Koordinasi Mata Kaki Terhadap Sepak Sila dalam Permainan Sepak Takraw pada Atlet Kota Sungai Penuh

The problem addressed in this research is the low proficiency in the sepak sila skills among athletes in the city of Sungai Penuh. The objective of this study is to determine the contribution of balance and eye-foot coordination to sepak sila takraw performance among athletes in the city of Sungai Penuh in the year 2023. The research design employed in this study is correlational genfa. The sample size for this research consisted of 16 individuals. The research instruments used included balance tests, eye-foot coordination tests, and sepak sila tests. The data analysis technique utilized correlation tests and calculation of contribution values. The findings of the research lead to the following conclusions: (1) There is a 90% contribution of balance to sepak sila performance among sepak takraw athletes in the city of Sungai Penuh in the year 2023. (2) There is a 91% contribution of eye-foot coordination to sepak sila performance among sepak takraw athletes in the city of Sungai Penuh in the year 2023. (3) There is a 96% contribution of both balance and eye-foot coordination to sepak sila performance among sepak takraw athletes in the city of Sungai Penuh in the year 2023.

Development of the Prevention of Suicide Behaviour in Prisons: Enhancing Access to Therapy (PROSPECT) logic model and implementation strategies.

This study aimed to develop and articulate a logic model and programme theories for implementing a new cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention intervention for men in prison who are perceived to be at risk of death by suicide. Semi-structured one-to-one interviews with key stakeholders and a combination of qualitative analysis techniques were used to develop programme theories. Interviews with 28 stakeholders resulted in five programme theories, focusing on: trust, willingness and engagement; readiness and ability; assessment and formulation; practitioner delivering the 'change work' stage of the intervention face-to-face in a prison environment; and practitioner training, integrating the intervention and onward care. Each theory provides details of what contextual factors need to be considered at each stage, and what activities can facilitate achieving the intended outcomes of the intervention, both intermediate and long term. The PROSPECT implementation strategy developed from the five theories can be adapted to different situations and environments.

High-speed 4-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy using compressive sensing techniques.

Here we show that compressive sensing allows 4-dimensional (4-D) STEM data to be obtained and accurately reconstructed with both high-speed and reduced electron fluence. The methodology needed to achieve these results compared to conventional 4-D approaches requires only that a random subset of probe locations is acquired from the typical regular scanning grid, which immediately generates both higher speed and the lower fluence experimentally. We also consider downsampling of the detector, showing that oversampling is inherent within convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) patterns and that detector downsampling does not reduce precision but allows faster experimental data acquisition. Analysis of an experimental atomic resolution yttrium silicide dataset shows that it is possible to recover over 25 dB peak signal-to-noise ratio in the recovered phase using 0.3% of the totaldata. Lay abstract: Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4-D STEM) is a powerful technique for characterizing complex nanoscale structures. In this method, a convergent beam electron diffraction pattern (CBED) is acquired at each probe location during the scan of the sample. This means that a 2-dimensional signal is acquired at each 2-D probe location, equating to a 4-D dataset. Despite the recent development of fast direct electron detectors, some capable of 100kHz frame rates, the limiting factor for 4-D STEM is acquisition times in the majority of cases, where cameras will typically operate on the order of 2kHz. This means that a raster scan containing 256^2 probe locations can take on the order of 30s, approximately 100-1000 times longer than a conventional STEM imaging technique using monolithic radial detectors. As a result, 4-D STEM acquisitions can be subject to adverse effects such as drift, beam damage, and sample contamination. Recent advances in computational imaging techniques for STEM have allowed for faster acquisition speeds by way of acquiring only a random subset of probe locations from the field of view. By doing this, the acquisition time is significantly reduced, in some cases by a factor of 10-100 times. The acquired data is then processed to fill-in or inpaint the missing data, taking advantage of the inherently low-complex signals which can be linearly combined to recover the information. In this work, similar methods are demonstrated for the acquisition of 4-D STEM data, where only a random subset of CBED patterns are acquired over the raster scan. We simulate the compressive sensing acquisition method for 4-D STEM and present our findings for a variety of analysis techniques such as ptychography and differential phase contrast. Our results show that acquisition times can be significantly reduced on the order of 100-300 times, therefore improving existing frame rates, as well as further reducing the electron fluence beyond just using a faster camera.

Exploring the perception of ethnic migrants in Kolkata, India: A comparative study using sentiment analysis

ABSTRACT The challenges faced by ethnic migrants in urban areas highlight the importance of gaining a comprehensive understanding of their perception. This research investigates the adaptive capacities of ethnic migrants, extending the analysis beyond the first generation to explain how these communities navigate challenges in the post-COVID era. The study examines the dynamics of ethnic migration, exploring intercultural interactions and the evolving experiences of successive migrant generations using sentiment analysis techniques. The study analyzes textual data from in-depth semi-structured interviews to understand their experiences in city and sentiments about the host community. Sentiment analysis, often known as opinion mining, is used in this research to determine the emotional undertone of the third and fourth-generation Chinese and Anglo-Indian residents living in Kolkata, India. The study contributes to evidence-based strategies by identifying positive and negative sentiments associated with ethnic migrants. Results show that the frequency and polarity of the words used during the interviews significantly explain their association with the host community and their sense of belongingness. The findings of this research are significant in indicating the vitality of these communities in the city.

THE EFFECT OF GCG MECHANISM AND CSR ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

This study aims to determine and examine The Effect of independent commissioners, managerial ownership, audit committees, and corporate social responsibility on financial performance both partially and simultaneously (together) in Textile and Garment Sub Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2017-2021. The data analysis technique in this research is descriptive and verification. Testing the hypothesis using a multiple linear regression analysis model. The study results show that some GCG components affect financial performance, and others do not. The independent board of commissioners and audit committee do not affect ROA. Managerial ownership and CSR affect ROA. Then the independent board of commissioners also does not affect EPS. Managerial ownership, audit committee, and CSR affect EPS. Together the independent board of commissioners, managerial ownership, audit committee, and, CSR affect ROA and EPS in textile and garment sub-sector companies for the 2017-2021 period.

PENGARUH PERSEDIAAN, INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY SET DAN KURS VALUTA ASING TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM

This study aims to determine and describe the effect of inventory, investment opportunity set and foreign exchange rates.The population in this study includes all automotive and component sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 period. Determination of the sample used in this study as a representative form of the population using a purposive sampling technique. The use of data analysis techniques in this study is descriptive and verification analysis. The selected sample data in this study were then tested using a multiple linear regression analysis model.The results of the research that has been done inform that inventory has no effect on stock returns. investment opportunity set has a significant effect on stock returns.foreign exchange rates have no effect on stock returns inventory, investment opportunity set and foreign exchange rates simultaneously have no significant effect on stock returns. The result of testing the analysis of the coefficient of determination is that the value of the coefficient of determination (Adjusted R Square) This value informs that changes in inventory, investment opportunity sets and foreign exchange rates affect changes in stock returns by 13.80% influenced by other variables outside this study.

Measuring Blue Ocean Leadership activities in public organizations: field research in the Ministry of Communications

This study aims to identify the level of application of blue ocean leadership activities in public organizations and to build a conceptual and cognitive framework around this concept. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, and the research sample consisted of (95) individuals from the senior management working at the center of the Iraqi Ministry of Communications (director general, department manager, section head). The data analysis technique used is structural equation modeling (SEM) and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results indicate that the senior management in the Ministry of Communications is working to adopt the blue ocean leadership style through its activities, but not to the level that highlights the role of this leadership style and its importance in achieving gains and leadership goals, by coordinating the efforts of employees and extracting the best of their ideas and innovative solutions that add value to the services provided by the ministry. This study differs from previous studies in that it was studied at the level of the public sector, and it examines the level of availability of blue ocean leadership activities in public organizations.

Does Intellectual Capital Affect The Directorate General Of Taxes Organisational Performance?

Intellectual capital is one of the important capital assets that every private and public sector organization should properly manage. Intellectual capital refers to individuals' knowledge, skills, and innovations within an organization. It can create a competitive advantage and improve organizational performance when managed effectively. Optimal management of intellectual capital is particularly important in the public sector, as it can strengthen institutional capacity to deliver more efficient and effective public services, ultimately increasing citizen satisfaction. With the development of literature studies related to intellectual capital, it is found that testing conducted in the public sector is still limited. This research examines intellectual capital's influence on the performance of the public sector organization, specifically the Directorate General of Taxes. This research uses the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling analysis technique based on primary data sourced from an online questionnaire survey of employees of the Directorate General of Taxes from various levels of positions at Tax Service Offices in the DKI Jakarta area and its surroundings and a sample of 52 observations was obtained. The research concludes that public structural and relational capital positively impact organizational performance. Meanwhile, public human capital does not influence organizational performance. This study is expected to contribute to developing theory and practice not only to intellectual capital as an intangible asset but also to human resource management, organizational infrastructure, and external relations in the context of public services. In addition, the findings of this study can serve as a basis for formulating policies and actions that can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of public institutions, as well as encourage further discussion regarding the management of intellectual capital to achieve more sustainable public sector organizational goals.

Does Capital Intensity Moderate The Effect Of Financial Distress And Operational Performance Tax Avoidance In Regional-Owned Enterprises In Water Supply?

Tax avoidance is a legal practice by companies as an effort to reduce the tax burden distributed to the state. This is commonly done by companies, both private and government-owned. Regional-Owned Enterprises in Water Supply as a company owned by the Regional Government has a dual role, namely providing public goods and generating profits. This research aims to analyze the influence of financial difficulties, service effectiveness, and operational efficiency on tax avoidance with capital intensity as a moderating variable in Regional-Owned Enterprises in Water Supply. This research uses quantitative methods with secondary data obtained using documentation data collection methods. The sample in this study was selected based on purposive sampling and resulted in 117 companies spanning the period 2019-2022. The data analysis technique in this research uses multiple linear regression analysis using the Eviews version 12 program with a significance level of 5%. The results of this study show that financial difficulties and service effectiveness have a significant negative effect on tax avoidance, but operational efficiency has an insignificant positive effect on tax avoidance. The aggressiveness of Regional-Owned Enterprises in Water Supply towards tax avoidance is not as high as other organizations that are completely profit-oriented. This is possible because human resources do not understand taxation. In addition, direct supervision by the Regional Government makes management more alert to violations of statutory regulations. Capital intensity can weaken the influence of financial difficulties on tax avoidance and strengthen the influence of operational efficiency on tax avoidance. The greater the number of company fixed assets, the greater the depreciation expense, management can choose the depreciation method that is most profitable for the company.

166 Beyond solubility: Navigating the complex landscape of dietary fiber in swine digestion and physiology

Abstract Dietary fiber comprises a diverse group of cell wall polysaccharides, along with lignin, that resist digestion by endogenous enzymes in non-ruminants. Over the past 50 yr, our understanding of dietary fiber has significantly advanced, resulting in diverse definitions and analytical methods that have deepened our comprehension of its role in swine nutrition. However, the analysis of dietary fiber remains one of the most intricate, expensive, and resource-intensive aspects of monogastric nutrition research. From the early days of crude fiber and detergent fiber techniques to the more recent methods such as non-starch polysaccharide and total dietary fiber methodologies, analytical techniques have evolved to encompass the complex carbohydrates found in diets. Translating these chemical and analytical understandings into physiological insights poses a formidable challenge for nutritionists. This presentation aims to discuss these analytical concepts and challenges in understanding dietary fiber, with a particular focus on its impact on swine nutrition and physiology. Going beyond the concept of ‘solubility,’ we will delve into the physicochemical and physiological properties of dietary fiber, emphasizing its intricate roles in the swine digestive milieu. This includes aspects such as digestion kinetics, fermentability, rheology, viscosity, and microbial ecosystems. Moreover, research consistently demonstrates that dietary fiber can have positive effects on gastrointestinal health under specific production and dietary conditions. Paradoxically, it can also negatively impact energy digestibility and feed efficiency. By modeling the chemical nature of fiber and its role in digestion physiology, it could be possible to bridge this gap to optimize production goals and swine health in high fiber diets. This presentation will highlight the significance of a holistic comprehension of the intricate aspects of dietary fiber within swine nutrition and future directions for incorporating it into formulation metrics. Such knowledge is pivotal for navigating the complexities of incorporating fiber into diet formulation, effective management, and the pursuit of sustainable practices.

170 Feeding the modern sow: Unlocking the value of dietary fiber

Abstract Our understanding of dietary fiber in sow nutrition is evolving rapidly, shifting from a once-overlooked portion of the diet to a critical component influencing intestinal functionality, gut microbiota, and modulation of digestion and metabolism. Recent advancements in fiber nutrition and analytical methods have highlighted its significance in optimizing sow lifetime productivity and welfare through its impact on nutrient utilization and overall health. Growing evidence supports the benefits of dietary fiber in gestation diets, notably contributing to sow well-being by reducing stress and behavioral issues observed in group housing systems (Sapkota et al., 2016). Accordingly, dietary fiber supplementation in gestation diets has been linked to the reduction of stillborn pigs, heavier piglet weights at birth, increased lactation feed intake, and reduced pre-wean mortality (Feyera et al., 2017). Supplementing dietary fiber during the peripartum phase has been shown to reduce the farrowing duration and the stillborn incidence (Theil et al., 2014); possibly linked to a reduction in constipation (Cardona et al., 2024) and enhanced sow energy status through greater short-chain fatty acids availability (Feyera et al., 2017). Despite the positive evidence, the practical application of dietary fiber supplementation in US sow diets has been limited due to insufficient characterization of fiber components in available ingredients. Recent advancements in analytical techniques, defining fiber components as total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble fiber (SF), and insoluble fiber (ISF), offer improved reliability and accessibility, overcoming previous barriers. Recent studies showed that a high fiber gestation diet (TDF 18% and 9% for high and low fiber diets, respectively) did not affect reproductive performance, liter size, individual piglet weight, or pre-wean mortality but it reduced weight loss during lactation (Paz et al., 2022). Moreover, studies conducted by Martinez et al. (2022) demonstrated that top-dressing dietary fiber during the peripartum phase reduced the wean-to-estrus interval (top-dress 0.45 kg or 0.90 kg/d, TDF 35%, ISF:SF ratios ranging from 2.6 to 7.4). These studies highlight the potential value of dietary fiber in US sow diets. However further research is warranted to determine the optimal level and desirable fiber characteristics to fully unlock its nutritional value in sow diets.

Evaluation of sustainable hydrogen production technologies on an industrial scale using comparative analysis of decision-making methods.

Due to its various advantages in different industrial fields, hydrogen can provide energy based on sustainability goals and recreates a critical function in the economy of countries. In this regard, evaluating hydrogen production technologies on an industrial scale is necessary for industrial development and economic growth. Therefore, this study proposes a comprehensive, integrated framework of hybrid fuzzy decision-making for assessing hydrogen production technologies in Iran. In addition to considering sustainability factors, political, technical, and reliability indicators are also assessed in this research to make a comprehensive assessment. The Fuzzy Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (F-SWARA) technique determines the importance of indicators, and the Fuzzy Weighted Aggregates Sum-Product Assessment (F-WASPAS) approach ranks technologies. The weighing findings indicated that the sub-indices of investment cost, technical infrastructure development, and implementation costs were introduced as the most significant sub-indices with weights of 0.226, 0.151, and 0.126, respectively. The evaluation findings with the F-WASPAS method and comparative analysis with various decision-making methods revealed that electrolysis based on solar energy and electrolysis based on wind energy technologies had the highest preference. In this regard, the infrastructure and costs of hydrogen production can be improved by presenting various incentives, such as improving financial conditions while attracting investment and increasing cooperation with top companies. So, sustainable development, economic growth, and industrial development are provided.

Heterointerface Effects on Carrier Dynamics in Colloidal Quantum Dots and Their Application to Light-Emitting Diodes.

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates for next-generation display technology because of their unique optical properties and have already appeared in the market as a high-end product. On the basis of their extraordinary properties, QD emissions with a given chemical composition can be tailored in a wide spectral window due to quantum size effects, which constitutes a key advantage of QDs in the display field. Specifically, investigations of structure-dependent and composition-dependent characterizations outside the quantum confinement effect have become an important part of practical applications. Therefore, from the perspective of designing nanostructures with well-defined heterointerfaces, strong quantum confinement effects with effective carrier confinement are desirable. Our results show that the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of CdSe/CdZnS core-shell QDs was enhanced 5.7 times compared with that of the CdSe core QDs. Supplementary analytical techniques involving transmission electron microscopy revealed the heterointerface configuration and composition distribution of the core and shell materials. The effects of the heterointerface on carrier dynamics in core-shell QDs were revealed by monitoring wavelength-dependent time-resolved PL. To further develop the QD light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs), we produced an all-solution processed inverted QD-LEDs using CdSe/CdZnS core-shell QDs as the emitter. The electroluminescence spectrum of deep-red emissive QD-LEDs with CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.68, 0.32) exhibited a peak at 638 nm.

Collective knowledge brokering in social enterprises: developing an immersion-based model using Schein’s organisational cone

ABSTRACT Knowledge acquisition and integration across boundaries is essential for developing innovative solutions in social enterprises (SEs). The vital role of knowledge brokers in this process has been sparsely discussed. This study examined knowledge brokering roles for effective solution development in SEs. We qualitatively analysed four Indian SEs using analytical techniques of grounded theory and the Gioia method. Brokering emerged as a collective process involving multiple agents who spanned for, translated and integrated two knowledge sets: expert and contextual. Correspondingly, two brokering roles emerged: boundary spanners and translators, which were further subdivided into primary and secondary. SEs displayed varying brokering configurations, which we explain by developing one of the first models of collective knowledge brokering using Schein’s organisational cone (1971) and immersion. SEs can employ our model to identify and groom agents into specific brokering roles, and develop beneficial brokering configurations, for enhanced effectiveness.